University of Miami

Early Years

The University of Miami was chartered in 1925 by a group of citizens who felt an institution of higher learning was needed for the development of their young and growing community. The South Florida land boom was at its peak, resources appeared ample, optimism flowed, and expectations were high. Supporters of the institution believed that the community offered unique opportunities to develop inter-American studies, to further creative work in the arts and letters, and to conduct teaching and research programs in tropical studies.

By the fall of 1926, when the first class of 646 full-time students enrolled at the University of Miami, the land boom had collapsed, and hopes for a speedy recovery were dashed by a major hurricane. In the next 15 years the University barely kept afloat. The collapse in South Florida was a mere prelude to a national economic depression. Such were the beginnings of what has since become one of the nation’s most distinguished private universities.

The University survived primarily due to the vision and persistence of its first president, Dr. Bowman F. Ashe (1926-52). Under his administration, the institution overcame bankruptcy, a reorganization, a world war, and then in the post-war years, experienced tremendous growth and expansion.

When the University opened in 1926, it consisted of the College of Liberal Arts, the School of Music, and the Evening Division. During the Ashe presidency, the University added the School of Law (1928), the School of Business Administration (1929), the School of Education (1929), the Graduate School (1941), the Marine Laboratory (1942; presently the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science), the School of Engineering (1947), and the School of Medicine (1952).

The 1950s-1970s

Dr. Jay F. W. Pearson assumed the presidency in 1953. A marine biologist by training, charter faculty member, and an assistant to President Ashe since 1929, Dr. Pearson presided during a decade of unprecedented growth. Total enrollment stood at over 10,000 in 1953 and increased to nearly 14,000 by the end of the Pearson presidency in 1962. New facilities and resources were added to keep pace with student enrollment as well as to increase the research strength of the institution. The University also added an undergraduate honors program, expanded the graduate programs to the doctoral level in a dozen fields, established a core curriculum for undergraduates, and vastly increased its research activity.

The University entered a new epoch, a time of reexamination and consolidation under its third president, Dr. Henry King Stanford (1962-81). Stanford’s presidency was marked by further emphasis on research activity, additions to physical facilities, and reorganization of the University’s administrative structure. Several research centers and institutes were established, including the Center for Advanced International Studies (1964), the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Evolution (1964), the Center for Theoretical Studies (1965), and the Institute for the Study of Aging (1975).

1980s

In addition, Foote was the catalyst behind the creation of the University’s strategic plan, a blueprint for the acceleration of the University’s excellence. A five-year $400 million Campaign for the University of Miami, launched in 1984, surpassed its goal in April 1988 and ended with a $517.5 million commitment.In 1981, Edward T. Foote II became its fourth president. Under his leadership, the University was elected to membership in Phi Beta Kappa, the nation’s oldest and most prestigious honor society; three new schools were created—Architecture, Communication, and the Graduate School of International Studies along with its research component, the North-South Center; average SAT scores of incoming freshmen increased by nearly 100 points; and the University began and completed a series of renovations that converted standard student dormitories into a system of residential colleges.

The 21st Century and Today

The University entered its present phase in 2001 when Donna E. Shalala became its fifth president.  President Shalala was the longest serving Secretary of Health and Human Services in U.S. history.  She served in the Clinton Administration from 1993-2000 and oversaw a $600 billion budget.  Prior to that, she was Chancellor of the University of Wisconsin – Madison for six years, the first woman ever to head a Big Ten University.  President Shalala also served as president of Hunter College, The City University of New York, for seven years. President Shalala, who spearheaded extraordinary progress in all areas, stepped down as president in May 2015.

On October 16, 2003, the University announced Momentum: The Campaign for the University of Miami, the most far-reaching and ambitious comprehensive campaign in its history. The historic fundraising drive surpassed its $1 billion goal in January 2006, a year and a half ahead of schedule, and the University established a new goal to raise an additional $250 million by the end of 2007. The campaign came to end December 31, 2007, having raised $1.4 billion‹making UM the first university in Florida to successfully mount a billion-dollar campaign.

For the sixth year in a row the University of Miami was ranked in the top 50 in U.S. News & World Report’sannual Best Colleges issue. In the 2015 report, UM is ranked No. 48 in the National Universities category. Under President Shalala’s leadership the University experienced an extraordinary rise in these popular rankings, up from No. 67 in 2001. U.S. News also listed several UM graduate programs in its 2014 America’s Best Graduate Schools rankings.

In 2012 the University publicly launched Momentum2: The Breakthrough Campaign for the University of Miami, a $1.6 billion initiative to support academic resources, learning opportunities, and strategic initiatives throughout the University. The campaign goal was reached in May 2015.

In Fall 2014 the University enrolled 16,774 students in 115 bachelor’s, 104 master’s, and 63 doctoral programs. Student selectivity for incoming freshmen continues to be highly competitive, with a mean SAT score of 1320; about half graduated in the top 5 percent of their high school class and 66 percent graduated in the top 10 percent. Enrolled students represent all 50 states and 121 other countries. UM alumni live in all 50 states and 154 countries; more than 49,000 in Miami-Dade County.

In April 2015 Dr. Julio Frenk, dean at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Mexico’s former minister of health, was named the University’s sixth president. A noted leader in global public health and a renowned scholar and academic, President Frenk assumed the presidency on August 16. The University’s first Hispanic president, Frenk views Miami as uniquely positioned as a gateway to Latin America and the Caribbean, and the University to be a leader in discourse throughout the hemisphere and beyond.

Top 10 Oldest Universities Around the World

The word university is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium, roughly meaning “community of teachers and scholars”. The term was coined by the Italian University of Bologna, which, with a traditional founding date of 1088, is considered the first university. The following list of ten oldest universities in the world shows, through their brief histories and trend.

Here is a list of the Top 10 oldest universities in the world which are in continuous operation.

10. University of Valladolid (Valladolid, Spain, Founded in 1241)

University of Valladolid, Salamanca, Spain and Canary Islands

The University of Valladolid is a public university in the city of Valladolid, province of Valladolid, in the autonomous region of Castile-Leon, Spain. The university currently has 31,780 undergraduate students and more than 2,000 teachers.

At 10th position among the oldest universities in the world, The University of Valladolid (UVa) is a Spanish public university founded in 1241 as removal of studies at the University of Palencia, founded by Alfonso VIII of Castile, between 1208 and 1212. He is currently responsible for teaching higher education in seven campuses distributed through four cities of Castile and Leon: Valladolid, Palencia, Soria and Segovia.

One hypothesis is that its foundation is the result of the transfer of Palencia General Survey between 1208 and 1241 by Alfonso VIII, king of Castile, and Bishop Tello Téllez de Meneses.

9. University of Siena (Siena, Italy, Founded in 1240)

University of Siena in Arezzo, Italy

The University of Siena in Siena, Tuscany is one of the oldest universities and first publicly funded universities in Italy. Originally called Studium Senese, the University of Siena was founded in 1240. The University had around 20,000 students in 2006 nearly half of Siena’s total population of around 54,000. Today, the University of Siena is best known for its Schools of Law and Medicine.

Originally called Studium Senese, was founded by Commune of Siena in 1240. In 1321, the studium was able to attract a larger number or pupils due to a mass exodus from the prestigious neighbouring University of Bologna. Closed temporarily in 1808–1815 when Napoleonic forces occupied Tuscany. On November 7, 1990 the university celebrated its 750th anniversary.

8. University of Toulouse (Toulouse, France, Founded in 1229)

Université Toulouse 1 Capitole – The Oldest Universities

The Université de Toulouse is a consortium of French universities, grandes écoles and other institutions of higher education and research, named after one of the earliest universities established in Europe in 1229, and including the successor universities to that earlier university. This article describes the institutions that have been called the “Université de Toulouse”.

The formation of the University of Toulouse was imposed on Count Raymond VII as a part of the Treaty of Paris in 1229 ending the crusade against the Albigensians. As he was suspected of sympathizing with the heretics, Raymond VII had to finance the teaching of theology. Bishop Foulques de Toulouse was among the founders of the University. Among its first lecturers were: Jean de Garlande, Roland of Cremona. Other faculties (law, medicine) were added later. Initially, the University was located in the center of the city, together with the ancestors of student residences, the colleges.

7. University of Naples Federico II (Naples, Italy, Founded in 1224)

The University of Naples Federico II is maybe one of the the oldest universities

Founded by Frederick II, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

The University of Naples Federico II is a university located in Naples, Italy. It was founded in 1224 and is organized into 13 faculties. It is the world’s oldest state university and one of the oldest academic institutions in continuous operation. The university is named after its founder Frederick II.

The University of Naples Federico II was founded by emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Frederick II on 5 June 1224. It is the most ancient state-supported institution of higher education and research in the world. One of the most famous students of this university was Roman Catholic theologian and philosopher Thomas Aquinas.

6. University of Padua (Padua, Italy, Founded in 1222)

University of Padua. Department of Structural and Transportation Engineering

Founded by scholars and professors after leaving Bologna.

The University of Padua (Italian Università degli Studi di Padova, UNIPD) is a premier Italian university located in the city of Padua, Italy. The University of Padua was founded in 1222 as a school of law and was one of the most prominent universities in early modern Europe. It is among the earliest universities of the world and the second oldest in Italy. As of 2010 the university had approximately 65,000 students.

The university is conventionally said to have been founded in 1222 (which corresponds to the first time when the University is cited in a historical document as pre-existing, therefore it is quite certainly older) when a large group of students and professors left the University of Bologna in search of more academic freedom (‘Libertas scholastica’). The first subjects to be taught were law and theology. The curriculum expanded rapidly, and by 1399 the institution had divided in two: a Universitas Iuristarum for civil law and Canon law, and a Universitas Artistarum which taught astronomy, dialectic, philosophy, grammar, medicine, and rhetoric. There was also a Universitas Theologorum, established in 1373 by Urban V.

5. University of Salamanca (Salamanca, Spain, Founded in 1218)

The University of Salamanca, Spanish higher education institution

The University of Salamanca is a Spanish higher education institution, located in the town of Salamanca, west of Madrid, in the autonomous community of Castilla and León. It was founded in 1134 and given the Royal charter of foundation by King Alfonso IX in 1218. It is the oldest founded university in Spain and the third oldest European university in continuous operations. It was the first European institution to receive the formal title of “University” as such; it was granted by King Alfonso X in 1254 and recognized by Pope Alexander IV in 1255.

It is the oldest university in operation in Spain. Although there are records of the University granting degrees many years before (James Trager’s People’s Chronology sets its foundation date in 1134), it only received the Royal chart of foundation as “Estudio General” in 1218, making it possibly the fourth or even the third oldest European university in continuous operations. However, it was the first European university to receive the title of “University” as such, granted by king of Castile and León Alfonso X and the Pope in 1254. Having been excluded from the University in 1852 by the Spanish government, the Faculties of Theology and Canon Law became the Pontifical University of Salamanca in 1940.

4. University of Cambridge (Cambridge, England, Founded in 1209)

The University of Cambridge is one of the world’s oldestuniversities

Founded by scholars leaving Oxford after a dispute caused by the execution of two scholars in 1209, and royal charter was granted in 1231. The university takes 1209 as its official anniversary.

The University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world (after the University of Oxford), and the seventh-oldest in the world. In post-nominals the university’s name is abbreviated as Cantab, a shortened form of Cantabrigiensis (an adjective derived from Cantabrigia, the Latinised form of Cambridge).

The university grew out of an association of Cambridge scholars that was formed in 1209, early records suggest, by scholars leaving Oxford after a dispute with townsfolk. The two “ancient universities” have many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge. In addition to cultural and practical associations as a historic part of British society, they have a long history of rivalry with each other.

3. University of Oxford (Oxford, England, Founded in 1167)

Oxford University Museum of Natural History.

“Claimed to be the oldest university in the world, there is no clear date of foundation of Oxford University, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.” Teaching suspended in 1209 (due to town execution of two scholars) and 1355 (due to the St. Scholastica riot), but was continuous during the English Civil War (1642–1651) – the University was Royalist. All Souls College and University College have repeatedly claimed that they own documents proving that teaching in Oxford started in the year 825, but these documents have never seen the public light (allegedly, John Speed dated his famous 1605 Oxford maps based on these documents). However, it was not until 1254 that Pope Innocent IV granted to Oxford the University charter by papal bull (“Querentes in agro”).

2. University of Paris (Paris, France, Founded in 1150)

The Old Sorbonne on fire in 1670.

It was founded in the mid-12th century, and officially recognized as a university probably between 1160 and 1170 (or, possibly, as early as 1150). After many changes, including a century of suspension (1793–1896), it ceased to exist as such in 1970 and 13 autonomous universities (University of Paris I–XIII) were created from it. The university is often referred to as the Sorbonne or La Sorbonne after the collegiate institution (Collège de Sorbonne) founded about 1257 by Robert de Sorbon. In fact, the university as such was older and was never completely centered on the Sorbonne. Of the 13 current successor universities, the first 4 have a presence in the historical Sorbonne building, and three include “Sorbonne” in their names.

1. University of Bologna  (Bologna, Italy, Founded in 1088)

The College of Bologna, founded in 1088, may be the earliest academic institution from the Civilized world. At top the Oldest Universities

The first university in the sense of a higher-learning, degree-awarding institute, the word university having been coined at its foundation. At top of the list of ten oldest universities in the world which are in continuous operation.

The Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna is a university located in Bologna, Italy founded in 1088. As of 2000 the University’s motto is Alma mater studiorum (Latin for “nourishing mother of studies”) The University has about 100,000 students in its 23 schools. It has branch centers in Imola, Ravenna, Forlì, Cesena and Rimini and a branch center abroad in Buenos Aires. Moreover, it has a school of excellence named Collegio Superiore di Bologna.

The date of its founding is uncertain, but believed by most accounts to have been 1088. The university received a charter from Frederick I Barbarossa in 1158, but in the 19th century, a committee of historians led by Giosuè Carducci traced the founding of the University back to 1088, which would make it one of the oldest universities in the world.

Best University on US

Schools in the National Universities category, such as Columbia University and the University of Pennsylvania, offer a full range of undergraduate majors, plus master’s and doctoral programs. These colleges also are committed to producing groundbreaking research.

The ivy-covered campus of Princeton University, a private institution, is located in the quiet town of Princeton, New Jersey. Princeton was the first university to offer a “no loan” policy to financially needy students, giving grants instead of loans to accepted students who need help paying tuition.

How to Clean Up Your Office Environment and Do a Great Job

he environment you work in is important for your well-being. If you spend a great deal of time in one office, it is likely that your surroundings have become a blur to you. Most people who spend hours sitting at a desk for their job cease to see their office space clearly anymore, as they are desensitized to what is around them visually. However, their environment can make a big difference to how they feel and how comfortable they are at work.
When people get used to working in a drab office environment they fail to recognize the need to improve their surroundings. They may suffer from work related stress, but not realize that the condition of their office has a part to play in their emotional and physical health. Just making a few simple changes could aid them in feeling happier and more satisfied at work, as well as physically more comfortable and healthy.

One of the main complaints employees often have when they start an office job is that lighting is unsatisfactory. Perhaps it glares and hurts their eyes, or is too dim, making them squint and strain their vision or not enough natural light is present. If nothing changes, they get used to it.
Look around your office and see if you can improve lighting. Remove furniture and files that block windows and clean the glass to let in more light. You can also change poor lighting so that it is more comfortable on your eyes and helps you feel less stressed. If you have been suffering from headaches, paying attention to lighting in your office could make them disappear.
Inadequate airflow can make you feel tired and lethargic. People often complain that they lack energy at work and this is sometimes related to working in a stuffy, stale environment with little airflow.
There are many ways to get air flowing through your office. Opening windows is the simplest way, followed by installing fans. If you are tired at work, or suffer from allergies, using an air purifier in your office may help too.
The best wallpaper or paint colors for an office are those that are fresh and mentally stimulating. Dark or dismal colors such as muddy brown or grey are likely to make you feel miserable while at work. Colors such as yellow and white will help you think more clearly and feel lively, as will areas of pale green and sky blue.
It is fine to have a few objects in your office that do not hold a specific use relating to work, but they should blend favorably with the environment and not be distracting. Look at the objects you keep in your office and ask yourself whether they add to the environment in a positive way, or are a hindrance. Keeping a photograph of your spouse and children on your desk may comfort you and help you work harder, but having many amusing toys could slow you down and clutter your desk.

Swedish Food

These are our 20 most popular recipes during 2015, based on the choices of a quarter million readers.

1. KÖTTBULLAR

Köttbullar (meatballs), Sweden’s most famous dish has claimed the number 1 spot again. Despite not always enjoying the best of reputations, we think köttbullar with all the trimmings is hard to beat when carefully made with good quality ingredients. Of course, our recipe is the best and will ensure that yourköttbullar really are Swedelicious! More…

2. KANELBULLAR

Kanelbullar (Cinnamon buns) are probably Sweden’s most popular bun and available at every café and bakery in Sweden. We have two recipes: one with a classic filling and the other is Edd Kimber’s sweeter cinnamon-rich filling. More…

3. SEMLOR

Semlor (Lenten buns) are soft cardamon scented buns filled with almond paste and whipped cream. Originally they were only eaten on Tuesdays betweenfattisdagen(Shrove Tuesday/Mardi Gras or, literally, The Fat Tuesday) and Easter, but such is their popularity that these days in Sweden they are eaten every day from Christmas to Easter and beyond. More…

4. ÄPPELKAKA

Äppelkaka (apple cake) is extremely popular in Sweden and is eaten as a dessert or during fika (a relaxing Swedish coffee break) and is normally served withvaniljsås(vanilla sauce). There are countless recipes foräppelkaka and we have other good recipes too, but this version by Maia Brindley Nilsson is our most popular.More…

5. VÅFFLOR

Våfflor (Waffles) are extremely popular in Sweden. Indeed, Swedes have been eatingvåfflor since at least the early 1600s! Originally Swedish waffles were square, but now they are usually made into heart shapes and served with jam or fruit and whipped cream or ice cream. Unlike Belgium waffles, Swedish waffles are made without yeast and so they are thinner and have a texture which is more like pancakes. Våfflor are eaten all the year round, but they are particularly popular on March 25th, Våffeldagen(Waffle Day). More…

6. JULSKINKA

Julskinka (Christmas ham) is the star of a Swedish julbord (Christmas buffet). It is normally served with a breadcrumb and mustard glaze and eaten cold. More…

7. GRÄDDTÅRTA MED JORDGUBBAR

Gräddtårta med jordgubbar (Strawberry cream cake) is a midsummer classic. A glorious cream cake filled with fresh strawberries and served with more strawberries on the side. It is one of the highlights of summer in Sweden! More…

8. PYTTIPANNA

Pyttipanna (Swedish hash) is a dish of chopped meat, potatoes and spices that are mixed together and cooked with onions. Although these days it is usually written as one word, originally it was written as three separate words: pytt i panna (literally, teeny pieces in a pan). Of course, there are countless versions of it, but all except the vegetarian versions use smoked meat, diced potatoes and onion.

Such is the popularity of pyttipanna that nearly every supermarket in Sweden has bags of frozen pyttipannaof different types for quick lazy meals. Pyttipanna is usually served with inlagda rödbetor (pickled beetroot) and a fried egg or a raw egg yolk sitting in its shell in the middle of the dish. It is the addition of egg and pickled beetroot that really elevates this to something special! More…

9. KNÄCKEBRÖD

Knäckebröd (rye crispbread) is available with every meal in Sweden. Nowadaysknäcke is stored in airtight containers or simply wrapped in paper, but originally they were made with a hole in the centre so that they could be hung over the oven to keep dry. These delightful wobbly crispbreads are irresistible and perfect for breaking and sharing.More…

10. KORVSTROGANOFF

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Korvstroganoff (sausage stroganoff) is one of the most popular dishes in Sweden, especially with children and teenagers. It is usually made with falukorv (a sausage from Falu) which can be bought in specialist shops or online. In America, where it can be hard to buy falukorv, try baloney instead. More…

11. KÅLDOMAR

Kåldomar (stuffed cabbage rolls) are a great Swedish classic often served as a midweek meal, but they also appear on a julbord (Christmas buffet). They were first introduced into Sweden at the beginning of the 18th century after Karl XII invaded Turkey. His soldiers liked stuffed vine leaves so much that the decided to adapt the recipe by replacing the vine leaves with cabbage leaves. Traditionally kåldomar are served with a brown sauce/gravy, boiled new potatoes and rårörda lingon (lingonberry sauce).More…

12. VINBÄRSSAFT

Vinbärssaft (red currant cordial/syrup) is popular in Sweden partly because most gardens in the Swedish countryside have several redcurrant bushes. Originally it was also considered to be a good way of providing children with vitamin C during the long cold Swedish winters. More…

13. PRINSESSTÅRTA

Prinsesstårta (princess cake) is Sweden’s most famous cake. It normally consists of 6 or 7 layers topped with a layer of green marzipan and decorated with an edible rose.

The recipe was first published in 1948 in Prinsessornas Kokbok by Jenny Åkerström, an instructor to three Swedish princesses. The recipe was originally called grön tårta(green cake), but was changed to prinsesstårtain later editions. The cake rapidly became very popular in Sweden and nowadays around 500,000 are sold every year.More…

14. VÄSTERBOTTENSOSTPAJ

Västerbottensostpaj (Västerbotten’s cheese flan) made with the king of Swedish cheeses, popular throughout Sweden and often served at kräftskivor (crayfish parties).More…

15. CHOKLADBOLLAR

Chokladbollar (chocolate balls) are nice to make at home. They are one of the easiest treats around and they taste wonderful. Very moreish. More…

16. PEPPARKAKOR

Pepparkakor (gingersnaps) are a traditional Christmas treat in Sweden. The dough is usually cut into the shape of gingerbread men, bears, hearts and stars or made into apepparkakshus (gingerbread house).Pepparkakor are also often iced (frosted) and hung as decorations. More…

17. TOSCAKAKA

Toscakaka (tosca cake) is normally made with a light sponge topped with caramelised almonds. Our version by Edd Kimber uses a moister and denser ground almond based cake, which makes this feel a little more indulgent with a full on almond flavour.More…

18. GRAVAD LAX

Gravad lax (gravadlax, cured salmon) has become so popular now that it is stocked by just about every British supermarket. It is much more fun (and a lot cheaper!) to cure your own instead of opening a packet from the supermarket! Gravad lax is normally served with a mustard and dill sauce. More…

19. SKAGENRÖRA

Skagenröra (prawns on toast) is a really popular dish in Sweden. Essentially prawns are mixed with lemon juice, dill, mayonnaise, gräddfil (similar to soured cream) and garnished with löjrom (roe or caviar).Skagenröra is normally served on toast as a starter, on a jacket potato for a main course or on small pieces of dark rye bread as an aperitif. More…

20. KLADDKAKA

Kladdkaka (gooey chocolate cake) is an easy cake to make provided it is not over cooked. The idea is to end up with something gooey inside and with a lightly crisped top

Top 10 German foods – with recipes

EACH REGION OF GERMANY HAS ITS OWN SPECIALITY DISH AND VARIATIONS OF

TYPICAL GERMAN CUISINE. HERE ARE OUR TOP 10 TRADITIONAL GERMAN FOODS TO TRY, DO-IT-YOURSELF RECIPES INCLUDED.

German food is rich, substantial and delicious, with each region having its own speciality dishes and traditional cuisine. And what better way to explore German culture than creating your own German specialties? That’s why we have searched far and wide for the best German recipes – both athentic and with a twist. Guten Appetit!
Apfelstrudel
Apfelstrudel (apple strudel) is a delicious pastry filled with apples flavoured with sugar, cinnamon, raisins and breadcrumbs – and has been popular since the 18th century. The delicate flakey pastry is made from an elastic dough, which is kneaded and stretched until it’s as thin as phyllo pastry. The pastry is wrapped round and round the filling building up many layers, and then baked. It’s served warm in slices sprinkled with powdered or icing sugar.

Make your own:

• German apfelstrudel rezept from the imperial Schönbrunn bakery.
• Cheat with filo pastry.
• Quick apple and pecan strudel with cinnamon.

Eintopf
A steaming bowl of eintopf will warm you up on a cold day. The name of this traditional German stew literally means ‘one pot’ and refers to the way of cooking rather than a specific recipe. However, most recipes contain the same basic ingredients: a broth, some vegetables, potatoes or pulses and then some meat (commonly pork, beef or chicken) or sometimes fish. There are regional specialities, for example, lumpen und fleeh (which means ‘rags and fleas’) in the Kassel area, which is similar to Irish stew.

Make your own:

• Grünkohleintopf – kale with smoked meat and sausages.
• Warming bean and pork eintopf.
• A veggie option (in German).

Kasespatzle 
Spatzle, noodles made from wheat flour and egg, are popular especially in the South. They’re often served topped with cheese (kasepatzle) – rather like macaroni cheese – and sometimes with roasted onions as well. They can be served boiling hot, straight from the pan – so be careful!

Make your own:

• Top-rated German language rezept.
• Classic kasespatzle recipe with loads of great reviews;
• …or a version with pictures for instruction and inspiration.

Kartoffelpuffer
These are shallow pan-fried pancakes made from grated or ground potatoes mixed with flour, egg, onion and seasoning. You can enjoy them either salty as a side dish to a main course of meat or fish, or sweet with apple sauce, blueberries, sugar and cinnamon. Look out for them in outdoor markets in the winter.

Make your own:

• Three German recipes for sweet and savoury potato pancakes.
• Bavarian kitchen recipe.
• Watch kartoffelpuffer being made.

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Rote grutze
This red fruit pudding is a popular dessert in the North. It’s made from black and red currants, raspberries and sometimes strawberries or cherries, which are cooked in their juice and thickened with a little cornstarch or cornflour. It’s served with cream, vanilla sauce or milk.

Make your own:

• Step-by-step illustrated German recipe;
• …traditionally served with a vanilla custard sauce.
• Quick and simple rote grütze recipe.

Sauerbraten

Germans love their meat – and sauerbraten (meaning ‘sour’ or ‘pickled’ roast) is a pot roast that’s regarded as one of the country’s national dishes. It can be made from many different meats (originally horse), which are marinated in wine, vinegar, spices, herbs and seasoning for up to 10 days.Schweinenbraten is a delicious roast pork dish, usually served with braised cabbage or sauerkraut and dumplings (knoedel), and washed down with a pilsner beer.

Make your own:

• Rheinischer sauerbraten recipe.
• A family recipe for a favourite dish.
• Cook in a crockpot.

Brezel
Brezel are soft, white pretzels, made from flour water and yeast and sprinkled with salt (and sometimes different seeds), and great to eat as a side dish or snack – or with a beer. They’re in every bakery and on street stands, sold plain, sliced and buttered (butterbrezel) or with slices of cold meats or cheese.

Make your own:

• Top-rated brezel recept in German.
• Pretzel recipe with 5 star reviews.
• Laugenbrezel: traditional German pretzels.

Schwarzwalder Kirschtorte
You’ll find lots of cakes and tarts to tempt you in Germany, commonly made with fresh fruit. Few can resist a huge slice or two of the most famous of them all: the deliciousschwarzwalder kirschtorte – Black Forest cherry cake. The cake is named afterschwarzwalder kirschwasser, which is a liqueur distilled from tart cherries. Alternating layers of rich chocolate cake, cherries and whipped cream are topped off with more cream, maraschino cherries and chocolate shavings.

Make your own:

• A German recipe from the Black Forest.
• Classic Black Forest gateau recipe;
• …with extra cream.
• The cupcake version.

Schnitzel
A schnitzel is a thin, boneless cutlet of meat, which is coated in breadcrumbs and often served with a slice of lemon. You can choose a Wiener Schnitzel, which is made of veal, or a schnitzel Wiener made of pork. If you order a Hamburg-styleschnitzel, it will arrive with a fried egg on top;  while a Holsten-style schnitzel will come with an egg, anchovies and capers.

Make your own:

• All star German-language recipe for Wiener Schnitzel;
• …and another in English.
• If you don’t fancy veal, try chicken schnitzel;
• … or lemon and thyme pork schnitzel with potato salad.

Wurst
There are more than 1500 different types of wurst (sausage) made in Germany and you’ll find street stalls selling them everywhere. The most popular include bratwurst (fried sausage) made of ground pork and spices, Wiener (Viennese), which is smoked and then boiled, and blutwurst and schwarzwurst, which are both blood sausages. Look out for regional specialities like Berlin’s currywurst (sausage with curried ketchup on the top), Bavaria’s weisswurst, a white sausage that you peel before eating with a sweet mustard, and Nuremberg’s grilled rostbratwurst, served with fermented shredded cabbage known assauerkraut.

Make your own:

• Simple recipe for wurst with sauerkraut, in German.
• Currywurst sauce – as made by Schnell-Imbisse (fast food stalls).
• German sausage and new potato salad.
• Martha Stewart’s beer-braised bratwurst with cabbage